The Role Of Calcium Supplements In Bone Density

The Role Of Calcium Supplements In Bone Density – Cardiotabs BONE Essentials is a highly absorbable natural calcium product that contains microcrystalline hydroxyapatite (MCHA). MCHA provides essential minerals in an organic, collagen-rich protein environment and has been clinically proven not to raise blood calcium levels the way other forms of calcium, such as carbonate and citrate, can. Vitamin D3, vitamin K2, potassium and other essential nutrients combine with MCHA to support stronger bones and more youthful cardiovascular and arterial health.*

HEALTH CLAIM: Adequate calcium and vitamin D as part of a well-balanced diet, along with physical activity, can reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

The Role Of Calcium Supplements In Bone Density

MCHA is a highly absorbable, natural source of calcium. MCHA’s unique genetic makeup consists of minerals and specific proteins to promote bone health.*

Can Osteoporosis Be Reversed?

MCHA is a bone concentrate and therefore contains calcium. Unlike other bone supplements, such as calcium carbonate, which is harder for your body to absorb and potentially harmful to your heart health, MCHA contains the minerals and proteins that naturally occur in bones for optimal bone and heart health.*

Not only is MCHA an important component in building strong bones, but scientific evidence supports the need for other nutrients such as vitamin D3, vitamin K, potassium, magnesium, boron and trace elements for skeletal health, * all of which are provided by BONE Essentials. .

Most adults lose minerals from their bones throughout their lives. Calcium plays a major role in many physiological processes. In particular, it helps support muscle, bone, nerve and cell health.* When blood calcium levels are depleted, the calcium stored in the bones is used. Overtime, this can lead to brittle and weak bones. Because the body cannot produce calcium, a complete bone supplement, along with a healthy diet and regular exercise, can play a role in optimal bone health and promote bone density.*

Directions: A dietary supplement, adults take 2 capsules twice daily with a meal or as directed by a physician.

Research Progress On Applications Of Calcium Derived From Marine Organisms

Other ingredients: cellulose, magnesium stearate (vegetable source) and silicon dioxide. The capsule consists of gelatin. The amounts of minerals are elemental. Contains: Soy (in traces).

WARNING If you have a medical condition, are pregnant, nursing or trying to become pregnant, or are taking medication (especially Warfarin/Coumadin), consult a physician before using this product. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reverses tenofovir-induced bone loss in people taking ART or PrEP: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) loss was increased after tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based medication in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and HIV-negative core populations on a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimen. worry Previous findings on the effects of vitamin D (VD) and calcium supplementation in recovery from BMD loss are inconclusive. The optimal doses of VD and calcium and their supplementation duration remained unknown. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize current evidence on VD and calcium supplementation to inform clinical practice.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for all placebo-controlled trials and prospective cohort studies published before March 5, 2021 that investigated VD and calcium supplementation in participants taking TDF-based medications . The keywords calcium, vitamin D, tenofovir and BMD were used for the search. The primary outcome was changes in spine and hip BMD. Subgroup analysis was performed to determine factors associated with the effects of VD supplementation on OP. Local weighted regression (Loess) was used to determine the relationships of VD supplementation, supplementation duration and BMD changes. This study was registered in PROSPERO (No. 42021231000).

Plant Based Calcium Supplements

Findings: Seven eligible studies, including 703 participants, were included in the analyses. The meta-analysis found that VD and calcium supplementation was associated with a significant increase in BMD at the spine and hip [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.61, p = 0.009]. In addition, positive dose-response relationships were demonstrated between VD doses and calcium supplementation, supplementation duration, and BMD recovery. Patients receiving VD at the dose level of 4,000 IU/D had the highest improvement in BMD (SMD 0.59, 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.74). No side effects have been reported for VD and calcium supplements.

Interpretation: We found that VD and calcium supplementation were associated with increases in BMD in participants taking TDF-based medications. An optimal supplemental dose of 4,000 IU/D for VD has been suggested for clinicians. The results can be used in clinical practice to improve BMD results in people taking TDF-based drugs.

Oral antiretroviral drugs (ART) have been widely applied in clinical practice to treat HIV and AIDS and to prevent HIV transmission among high-risk groups receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)-containing drugs were the most commonly used ART drugs for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and accounted for ~63.1% of ART drug use (1, 2). In addition, TDF-based drugs can be used as a therapeutic regimen to prevent PrEP, and it has been recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the WHO (3-5). However, studies have reported that people taking TDF medication had the side effect of reduced bone density (6). Bone loss ranges between 2 and 6% per year during the first year of ART initiation (7-9) and the most serious outcomes include osteoporosis and fragility fractures (10, 11). Studies have found that bone mineral density (BMD) loss is associated with adherence to PrEP (12-14). Therefore, this side effect became a barrier to taking PrEP. One study reported that 42.9% of men who have sex with men were unwilling to use PrEP due to fear of reduced BMD (15).

Although the mechanisms of how TDF causes BMD loss could not be fully explained in the literature, we highlighted some possible ways to demonstrate this process based on the current evidence. TDF could increase the level of parathyroid hormone (PTH), decrease the level of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and affect the levels of some bone remodeling markers in serum [such as C-terminal telopeptides (CTX), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD)] (16, 17), which in turn caused BMD loss. Oral vitamin D (VD) and calcium supplementation could moderate this effect on BMD by altering the levels of endocrine and bone turnover markers (12, 18) (Figure 1).

Osteoporosis And Fragility Fractures In Women

Figure 1. Possible mechanisms for how TDF caused BMD decline and how oral vitamin D and calcium supplementation alleviated BMD decline. TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; PTH, parathyroid hormone; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; CTX, C-terminal telopeptides. BAP, bone alkaline phosphatase; OC, osteocalcin; 25-(OH)D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D; BMD, bone mineral density;

A number of placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies have investigated the effects of VD and calcium supplementation on recovery from bone loss (19-25). However, the literature was inconclusive without the support of meta-analysis and systematic review studies. Also, no dose-response relationship was reported. One study found that VD3 plus calcium supplementation moderated BMD loss in an HIV-positive population TDF (25). Another study found similar results in an HIV-negative population taking PrEP (21). However, other studies found no significant differences in the change in hip and lumbar bone mineral density between people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both the VD and calcium supplement group and the placebo group (26). Another study reported no difference in lumbar spine BMD in HIV-negative participants participating in PrEP trials (-2.11 vs -2.14%, p = 0.40) (27). The sample sizes were small and these studies were conducted in small areas, so the generalizability of these findings is limited. Furthermore, the optimal amount of VD and calcium and the duration of supplementation remained unknown.

Therefore, to fill the knowledge gaps, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of VD and calcium supplementation and factors associated with BMD recovery among subjects receiving TDF-based drugs . In addition, we investigated dose-response relationships between VD dose and calcium supplementation, duration of supplementation, and BMD changes. The results could be used to guide clinical practices in prescribing TDF drugs and managing TDF drug-related BMD loss in both PLWHA and HIV-negative individuals receiving PrEP.

We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases from the start date to March 5, 2021, using the keywords calcium, vitamin D, tenofovir, and bone mineral density (BMD), with no language restrictions. We searched for studies that investigated VD and calcium supplementation and BMD in PLWHA receiving TDF or an HIV-negative population receiving tenofovir/emtricitabine for PrEP. We used the index term (((‘Vitamin D’) OR (‘Vitamin-D’) OR (VitD) OR (‘Vit-D’) OR (VD)) OR ((Calcium) OR (Ca))) AND (((Tenofovir) OR (“Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate”) OR (“tenofovir disoproxil”) OR (TDF)) OR (“Antiretroviral Therapy”) OR (“Antiretroviral Therapy”) OR (ART) OR (HAART) OR ( ” antiretroviral therapy”) OR (“antiretroviral therapy”))) AND (((“bone density”) OR (“bone density”) OR (BMD) OR (“bone density”) OR (osteoporosis) OR (‘ We also included eligible studies through checking references of relevant studies and reviews. In addition, we contacted authors to obtain articles that were not available online.

Bone Base Essentials

Studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: (1)